A phenomenon known as hypoxia occurs in water bodies when oxygen saturation falls within the range of 1% to 30%, in which most types of fish and some invertebrates die due to insufficient oxygen. In the aquaculture industry, overstocking of fish increases susceptibility to hypoxia. Every year, this leads to millions of dollars worth of fish losses. The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has recorded about 5114 incidents of fish kills from 1972 to 2012, where the number of sh lost at each incident ranged from hundreds to millions. There are several factors that lead to hypoxia, the most common being algae blooms, pollution, red tide, and rapid fluctuations in temperature. Water temperature in particular infuences several aquatic processes such as the metabolic rates of organisms, level of dissolved oxygen and rate of photosynthesis, hence temperature fluctuations can not only drastically aect dissolved oxygen, but also cause severe imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem. Periodic monitoring of dissolved oxygen and temperature in aquacultural applications can help prevent such detrimental eects, as aerators can be deployed to replenish oxygen and heaters can be used to maintain the temperature. However, observed spatial and temporal variation patterns of dissolved oxygen and temperature are complex: they vary with the amount of dissolved solids, salinity and hydrodynamics of the water body, changing over the course of even a single day. Thus, these parameters must be sampled frequently in order to build accurate models.
